CAMP LEATHERNECK, Afghanistan -- Taliban insurgents yesterday stepped up attacks against U.S. Marines in southern Afghanistan's Helmand River valley, forcing troops in some areas to spend the day fighting instead of carrying out plans to meet with residents and local leaders.

The stiffest resistance occurred in the district of Garmser, where Taliban fighters holed up in a walled housing compound engaged in an eight-hour gun battle with troops from the 2nd Battalion of the 8th Marine Regiment. The Marines eventually requested a Harrier fighter jet to drop a 500-pound bomb on the compound, which was believed to have killed all fighters inside.

The commanders directing the huge Marine security operation in Helmand had said they hoped not to rely on airstrikes, which have resulted in numerous civilian casualties in Afghanistan over the past seven years. Officers in the operation noted with pride Thursday that they had not used bombs or artillery in the first 24 hours of the mission.

But they were left with little choice after the insurgents refused to surrender. Even so, senior officers emphasized that they had watched the building -- from the ground and with surveillance aircraft -- for almost a day before concluding that there were no civilians inside.

There was no immediate count of insurgents killed, although ground commanders reported that 30 to 40 were shooting from in and around the compound early in the day. The airstrike also resulted in several secondary explosions, leading Marines at the site to suspect that the house may have contained homemade bombs.

The fight began Thursday, when insurgents attacked the 2nd Battalion's Echo Company, which was conducting a foot patrol after arriving in the area by helicopter. The insurgents subsequently retreated into the housing compound, whereupon an hours-long gunfight ensued.

The firing stopped Thursday evening, after Marine AH-1 Cobra helicopters fired Hellfire missiles into the compound. It resumed Friday morning, when a Marine transport helicopter landed to deliver Echo Company pallets of food and water. The helicopter was unscathed, but the fusillade soon escalated to large-caliber machine-gun fire and rocket-propelled grenades.

The incident, which the overall commander of Marine forces in southern Afghanistan called "a hell of a fight," did not result in any U.S. casualties, but it kept Marines in Garmser from meeting with village elders and other residents.

Officers at the combat operations center at Camp Leatherneck noted that their counterinsurgency effort will involve similar offensive actions against insurgents they encounter. But such engagements effectively delay key elements of the Marine stabilization strategy, which is focused on winning the allegiance of the local population by promising protection from the Taliban.

Other Marine units in Garmser were also attacked yesterday. But when the Marines returned fire, those insurgents broke contact and retreated. "They're not decisively engaging us," said Lt. Col. Jeff Rule, who supervises the combat operations center at this vast desert base west of the river.

In other parts of Helmand, Marines encountered different obstacles as they sought to introduce themselves to residents. To the north of Garmser, in the district of Nawa, troops have hit several roadside bombs. In the town of Khan Neshin, in the southern part of the river valley, Marines had hoped to meet with town elders, but they did not show.

Most people in the town simply stayed indoors, uncertain whether the troops were there to stay and fearful of retribution attacks from the Taliban.

Although some Marine units have yet to accomplish initial objectives of the mission, including finding homes to rent and convert into troop outposts, Col. Mellenger said the forces have succeeded in disrupting Taliban activities.